天然气储存用多孔炭的研究Ⅱ.粉状多孔炭的成型及其二次活化

以酚醛树脂、煤焦油沥青为粘结剂对由大庆石油焦制得的粉状多孔炭进行成型实验，并对成型后的多孔炭用水蒸气进行二次活化，结果表明：粘结剂为煤焦油沥青，粘结剂与粉状炭质量比为1：2，成型温度为150℃时成型效果较好；水蒸气用量为7．0mL／min，活化温度为800℃，活化时间为1h的条件下，二次活化效果较好。     

Silver–carbon electrocatalyst for air cathodes in alkaline fuel cells

A method for producing electrocatalysts containing silver supported on different carbons was developed. The catalysts were investigated in air (oxygen) diffusion electrodes in alkaline electrolyte (7 M KOH). Depending on the carbon support used, up to a threefold improvement in electrode performance was achieved compared with the activity of the uncatalysed carbon in this media. At ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, a current density of 150 mA/cm^–2 was obtained at electrode potential 1.2 V vs zinc (0.75 vs HE). A correlation between electro catalytic activity and wetted surface area of the electrocatalysts was found.     

ICEAS工艺脱磷除氮的影响因素

介绍了ICEAS工艺的特点，可以从时间上实现脱氮、除磷的厌氧一好氧间歇状态。通过对瓦房店龙山污水处理厂一年半的运行分析，提出脱氮除磷的影响因素，总结了运行的最佳参数。     

基于回收质量不确定与政府双参与的再制造闭环供应链定价策略研究

基于回收质量不确定的现实考虑,运用Stackelberg博弈论方法研究政府补贴和碳税双参与的再制造闭环供应链的定价问题,采用数值仿真的方法量化分析补贴额度和碳税率对再制造闭环供应链定价策略、供应链各成员利润、供应链碳排放量的影响,以及回收质量对再制造闭环供应链的影响。研究发现：政府补贴和碳税的双参与改善了由政府征收碳税而引起的市场不活跃现象,促进了闭环供应链的回收再制造,比单纯补贴或碳税更有效地引导了再制造闭环供应链;无论哪种手段参与,提高废旧产品的回收质量都有助于提高废旧产品的回收量、制造商的利润、第三方回收商的利润以及供应链的总利润,也有助于降低供应链的碳排放。     

Novel high strength graphitic foams

A novel high strength graphitic foam was produced through the incorporation of carbon nanofibers into a pitch based precursor. The nanofiber reinforced cellular foams were mechanically tested both from a localized and bulk perspective with results indicating enhanced foam performance with nanofiber addition. The magnitude of increased performance was a result of both the nanofiber itself as well as its heat treatment as an increase in each was found to cause an associated increase in foam performance. The increase in mechanical capability is attributed to the formation of a zigzag structure in the ligaments and nodes of the foam. This zigzag structure serves as an interlocking mechanism, preventing easy shearing of the graphene layers. The in situ fracture mechanics experiment shows brittle behavior of a single ligament indicating that only reinforced foam behaves like that of a carbon fiber.     

Efficient usage of highly dispersed Pt on carbon nanotubes for electrode catalysts of polymer electrolyte fuel cells

A Pt-deposited carbon nanotube (CNT) shows higher performance than a commercial Pt-deposited carbon black (CB) with reducing 60% Pt load per electrode area in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) below 500 mA/cm². K₂PtCl₄ and H₂PtCl₆·6(H₂O) are used for the Pt deposition onto multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs), which are produced by the catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons. The electric power densities produced using the Pt/CNT electrodes are greater than that of the Pt/CB by a factor of two to four on the basis of the Pt load per power. CNTs are thus found to be a good support of Pt particles for PEFC electrodes. TEM images show 2–4-nm Pt nanoparticles dispersed on the CNT surfaces. These high performances are considered to be due to the efficient formation of the triple-phase boundaries of gas–electrode–electrolyte. The mechanisms of Pt deposition are discussed for these Pt-deposited CNTs.     

Effect of porous structure and surface functionality on the mercury capacity of a fly ash carbon and its activated sample

The effect of porous structure and surface functionality on the mercury capacity of a fly ash carbon and its activated sample has been investigated. The samples were tested for mercury adsorption using a fixed‐bed with a simulated flue gas. The activated fly ash carbon sample has lower mercury capacity than its precursor fly ash carbon (0.23 vs. 1.85 mg/g), although its surface area is around 15 times larger, 863 vs. 53 m²/g. It was found that oxygen functionality and the presence of halogen species on the surface of fly ash carbons may promote mercury adsorption, while the surface area does not seem to have a significant effect on their mercury capacity.     

新型碳纤维复合芯导线在输电线路中的应用分析

新型碳纤维复合芯导线具有良好的力学性能和电气特性,与等径钢芯铝绞线相比,其主要有芯线强度高、导电率高、载流量大、质量轻、耐腐蚀、弧垂小等优点;与普通碳纤维导线相比,新型碳纤维复合芯导线采用铝包覆技术,在配套金具、导线压接和施工工艺等方面都有较大改进。以110～500 kV新建线路为例,对185～800 mm~2截面的新型碳纤维复合芯导线进行了全面的经济性比较。研究结果得到:对于500 kV新建双回线路,推荐采用JLRX1/F2A-710/50、JLRX1/F2A-800/50导线;对于220 kV新建双回线路,推荐采用JLRX1/F2A-400/50、JLRX1/F2A-450/50导线;对于110 kV新建双回线路,推荐采用JLRX1/F2A-300/40、JLRX1/F2A-360/40导线。     

Equilibrium and dynamics of acetylene sorption in multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and by adsorption of N₂ and acetylene. The dynamics of acetylene sorption was studied by frequency response spectroscopy. The average tube dimension and the shell number were determined from a statistical evaluation of the TEM images. This value agreed with that obtained from XRD via the Scherrer equation only if a shape factor of 0.49 was used. The diffusion of acetylene in the nanotubes of the MWCNT sample was found to be the rate-controlling step of the sorption process. Relationships between the tube dimensions and the equilibrium and dynamic sorption properties were demonstrated.     

Adsorption isotherms of sesame oil in a concentrated miscella system

The adsorption of peroxides, unsaturated carbonyls, free fatty acids and carotenoids from unrefined sesame oil on vegetable carbon (5%, w/w) in a miscella system was studied. Three different solvent conditions (hexane/ethanol, 100:0, 95:5 and 75:25, vol/vol), combined in a factorial design with five levels of solvent (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%, w/w), were used to develop the miscella. Equilibrium adsorption was not achieved during the 100 min of adsorption, mainly because the oil components were involved in oxidation reactions during the adsorption process. However, for a given solvent concentration, adsorption of the oil components showed a significant linear regression on their respective initial concentration in the miscella (C_i). Peroxides and carbonyls showed, at all solvent levels investigated, an affinity for the carbon more independent of their C_i than free fatty acids and carotenoids. In general, at the same C_i, a higher adsorption was achieved as solvent concentration increased. The results indicated that free fatty acid adsorption may depend on competitive adsorption based on molecule hydrophobicity. However, in spite of the higher hydrophobicity of carotenoids, compared with free fatty acids, they might not be competing for the same adsorbing sites. Ethanol showed a prooxidant effect that increased peroxide production during adsorption but did not affect the reaction involved in carbonyl production.